Extramedullary Myeloma

Extramedullary Myeloma

Extramedullary myeloma (EMM) is the presence of clonal plasma cells (PCs) outside the bone marrow in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM). EMM can be present at the time of initial diagnosis (primary EMM) or at the time of relapse (secondary EMM) [1]. EMM has an incidence of 7% to 20% at presentation and 6% to 20% during disease progression [2]. Using sensitive imaging techniques including MRI ...

How I treat extramedullary myeloma.

Extramedullary myeloma (EMM) is defined by the presence of plasma cells (PCs) outside the bone marrow in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM). Using sensitive imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography, EMM may be found in up to 30% of MM patients across the overall disease course. The molecular mechanisms underlying the hematoge...

[Extramedullary myeloma manifestations: imaging findings].

Extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma.

M ultiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells with strong dependence on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. In fact, MM is considered the prototype of cancer in which the malignant cells interact with the microenvironment. 1,2 It has recently been shown that virtually all cases of MM are preceded by a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (...

An imaging review of extramedullary myeloma

Learning objectives Numerous studies have demonstrated increasing overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma over the last 40 years. Novel agents including thalidomide and bortezomib used in induction therapy, together with autologous stem cell transplant in consolidation, have improved patient outcomes. Whilst extramedullary myeloma can be a presenting form of the disease, it is becomi...